FRW阻燃杨木胶合板物理力学性能和阻燃性能的研究

选用新型木材阻燃剂FRW处理杨木单板,研制阻燃性能优异的FRW阻燃杨木胶合板,并对其各项物理力学性能和阻燃性能进行了测试.结果表明:FRW阻燃杨木胶合板的物理力学性能可达到GB 9846-2004《胶合板普通胶合板通用技术条件》的规定,阻燃性能达到日本标准JISD1322-77中规定的难燃一级品标准和中华人民共和国公共安全行业标准GA/T42.1-92《阻燃木材燃烧性能试验方法--木垛法》的规定.     

Forest Fires and Prevention Strategies in Northwestern Region of China

The paper described the natural conditions and forest types in Northwestern Region of China. Most forests in the region are distributed in subalpine areas. It is important to protect the existent forests in the region for maintaining ecological balance. According to the statistics results of 1991~2000, the paper analyzes the forest fires distribution and fire severity. Annually the numbers of forest fires range from 52 to 240. The incidence rate of forest fires in Northwestern Region is under 0.33 per ten thousand ha. There are 0.67-64.4 ha burned area per ten thousand ha forest. The main reasons for forest fires lie in the dry weather conditions, many firebrands, and high fuel loading. The strategies of fire management in the region are to stress the fire education in forest regions, strength the firebrands' management, emphasize the fuel management, and improve the fire monitoring and fire control ability.     

红外成像林火监测报警车载指挥系统的研究

红外成像林火监测报警指挥车载系统是一个车载充氦气、有左右机翼且携带红外成像仪、激光测距仪和GPS(卫星定位)装置的飞艇型氦气球(简称飞艇)监测系统。在防火期，可开往林火多发地区，采用吊舱形式将红外成像仪、激光测距仪、GPS挂在飞艇的下方，将飞艇升向高空，利用火源与背景之间的温差形成热图象，全天候、多方位、自动搜索林火目标，产生报警，并将报警信号、热图象信号及林火、火源中心点的经纬度，通过有线网或移动通讯网。传送到防火指挥中心，由防火指挥部门组织化学灭火飞机，将林火目标扑灭在萌芽阶段。     

DEM在林火行为模拟中的应用

林火行为具有时间和空间特征,利用DEM(Digital Elevation Model)对林火行为进行3维模拟是一个很有前景的研究方向。本研究利用ArcView实现DEM数据源的提取、模型转换,通过林相图和地形图的配准,将影响林火蔓延的可燃物因子与DEM结合,进行效果图显示,为林火行为的3维模拟进行了有益的实践。     

森林防火3S平台的构建及其应用初探

介绍了3S系统的概念、特点及其在森林防火中的应用意义、国内外3S技术研究及应用进展;从实用性和可靠性、方便性和高效性、安全性和保密性、系统性和整体性、先进性和前瞻性等方面阐述了构建森林防火3S平台的原则;提出通过林火信息管理子系统、林火扑救指挥和实时监测子系统、林火预测预报子系统、林火设施的布局分析子系统、灾后评估及后处理子系统等的建立与应用,构建森林防火3S平台;并展望了3S技术在森林防火中的应用前景。     

马尾松防火道及果园化学除草试验初报

在马尾松的防火道上用5％森泰颗粒剂和25％森泰水剂、在桃树果园用65％草甘膦和41％春多多进行除草试验。结果表明：马尾松防火道用18．75kg／hm^2的森泰颗粒剂处理效果较好；桃树果园则以1500g／hm^2的草甘膦处理效果最好。     

Technological properties and fire performance of medium density fibreboard (MDF) treated with selected polyphosphate-based fire retardants

ABSTRACT

The objective of the work was to evaluate the efficacy of two new polyphosphate-based fire retardants (FRs) and one commercial product named Siriono^® on the fire performance and physical–mechanical properties of medium density fibreboard (MDF) fabricated in the laboratory from Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood. The fibres were treated with aqueous solutions of fire retardants, at 12% loading (dry salt on dry wood), and bonded with a melamine urea formaldehyde (MUF) adhesive. The physical and mechanical properties of panels were assessed using the European standards, whereas their fire performance was evaluated using an in-house method and the Cone calorimeter. In overall, the chemicals added enhanced the fire and smoke properties of the panels to varying degrees. Critical FR parameters such as peak heat release rate (peak HRR), total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) were significantly improved in the FR-treated panels, as exhibited in cone calorimeter tests. However, the internal bond strength of treated panels largely decreased by the addition of fire retardants, while thickness swell and water absorption negatively affected to a significant extent. In contrast, the formaldehyde release of the panels was considerably decreased at the E1 class level, with the incorporation of the polyphosphate-based additives.     

森林火灾数量特征和火灾保险率的数学模拟

森林火灾保险是国内新设的保险种类,保险费率的确定是一个值得研究的问题。本文通过对福建省某地区火灾资料的分析,得出了年火灾发生次数和每次受灾面积的概率分布模型,应用计算机仿真技术(Monte-carlo方法)模拟了一定时期内年火灾次数和面积,并根据保险费率计算的有关理论和依据,确定了森林火灾保险费率的合理取值。     

外来有害生物红火蚁风险分析及防控对策

参照国内外有害生物风险分析方法，通过对外来有害生物红火蚁在我国的分布状况、潜在危害性、危害对象经济重要性、定殖和扩散的可能性和危险性管理难度的定性和定量分析，得出风险评估值R=1．861，表明该虫在我国属于中度危险的有害生物。必须通过检疫、监测等措施加强对红火蚁的监管，防止其扩散、危害。     

迎面火与主地表火相互作用的实验研究

为了研究地表火卷吸作用的范围和迎面火与主火相互作用的机理 ,在大空间室内实验室进行了实验研究 .在该实验室实验可以避免环境风和环境温度变化的影响 .研究结果表明 :(1)在火头前方有明显的逆风区存在 .在逆风区下部的逆风风速要比上部的大 ,而且当高度达到某一数值时 ,逆风就不明显了 ;(2 )迎面火与主火之间即使相距较远也存在相互作用 .当它们相互接近到一定程度时 ,彼此相互吸引 .这使得火的蔓延速度显著升高 .对于火线火强度为 16 0kW·m-1地表火来说 ,蔓延速度增加2 7% .